Add persian-tutor: Gradio-based GCSE Persian language learning app

Vocabulary study with FSRS spaced repetition, AI tutoring (Ollama/Claude),
essay marking, idioms browser, Anki export, and dashboard. 918 vocabulary
entries across 39 categories. 41 tests passing.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

python/persian-tutor/CLAUDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Persian Language Tutor
+
+## Overview
+Gradio-based Persian (Farsi) language learning app for English speakers, using GCSE Persian vocabulary (Pearson spec) as seed data.
+
+## Tech Stack
+- **Frontend**: Gradio (browser handles RTL natively)
+- **Spaced repetition**: py-fsrs (same algorithm as Anki)
+- **AI**: Ollama (fast, local) + Claude CLI (smart, subprocess)
+- **STT**: faster-whisper via sttlib from tool-speechtotext
+- **Anki export**: genanki for .apkg generation
+- **Database**: SQLite (file-based, data/progress.db)
+- **Environment**: `whisper-ollama` conda env
+
+## Running
+```bash
+mamba run -n whisper-ollama python app.py
+```
+
+## Testing
+```bash
+mamba run -n whisper-ollama python -m pytest tests/
+```
+
+## Key Paths
+- `data/vocabulary.json` — GCSE vocabulary data
+- `data/progress.db` — SQLite database (auto-created)
+- `app.py` — Gradio entry point
+- `db.py` — Database layer with FSRS integration
+- `ai.py` — Dual AI backend (Ollama + Claude)
+- `stt.py` — Persian speech-to-text wrapper
+- `modules/` — Feature modules (vocab, dashboard, essay, tutor, idioms)
+
+## Architecture
+- Single-process Gradio app with shared SQLite connection
+- FSRS Card objects serialized as JSON in SQLite TEXT columns
+- Timestamps stored as ISO-8601 strings
+- sttlib imported via sys.path from tool-speechtotext project

python/persian-tutor/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Persian Language Tutor
+
+A Gradio-based Persian (Farsi) language learning app for English speakers, built around GCSE Persian vocabulary (Pearson specification).
+
+## Features
+
+- **Vocabulary Study** — Search, browse, and study 918 GCSE Persian words across 39 categories
+- **Flashcards with FSRS** — Spaced repetition scheduling (same algorithm as Anki)
+- **Idioms & Expressions** — 25 Persian social conventions with cultural context
+- **AI Tutor** — Conversational Persian lessons by GCSE theme (via Ollama)
+- **Essay Marking** — Write Persian essays, get AI feedback and grading (via Claude)
+- **Dashboard** — Track progress, streaks, and mastery
+- **Anki Export** — Generate .apkg decks for offline study
+- **Voice Input** — Speak Persian via microphone (Whisper STT) in the Tutor tab
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- `whisper-ollama` conda environment with Python 3.10+
+- Ollama running locally with `qwen2.5:7b` (or another model)
+- Claude CLI installed (for essay marking / smart mode)
+
+## Setup
+
+```bash
+/home/ys/miniforge3/envs/whisper-ollama/bin/pip install gradio genanki fsrs
+```
+
+## Running the app
+
+```bash
+cd /home/ys/family-repo/Code/python/persian-tutor
+/home/ys/miniforge3/envs/whisper-ollama/bin/python app.py
+```
+
+Then open http://localhost:7860 in your browser.
+
+## Running tests
+
+```bash
+cd /home/ys/family-repo/Code/python/persian-tutor
+/home/ys/miniforge3/envs/whisper-ollama/bin/python -m pytest tests/ -v
+```
+
+41 tests covering db, vocab, ai, and anki_export modules.
+
+## Expanding vocabulary
+
+The vocabulary can be expanded by editing `data/vocabulary.json` directly or by updating `scripts/build_vocab.py` and re-running it:
+
+```bash
+/home/ys/miniforge3/envs/whisper-ollama/bin/python scripts/build_vocab.py
+```
+
+## TODO
+
+- [ ] Voice-based vocabulary testing — answer flashcard prompts by speaking Persian
+- [ ] Improved UI theme and layout polish

python/persian-tutor/ai.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""Dual AI backend: Ollama (fast/local) and Claude CLI (smart)."""
+
+import subprocess
+
+import ollama
+
+DEFAULT_OLLAMA_MODEL = "qwen2.5:7b"
+
+
+def ask_ollama(prompt, system=None, model=DEFAULT_OLLAMA_MODEL):
+    """Query Ollama with an optional system prompt."""
+    messages = []
+    if system:
+        messages.append({"role": "system", "content": system})
+    messages.append({"role": "user", "content": prompt})
+    response = ollama.chat(model=model, messages=messages)
+    return response.message.content
+
+
+def ask_claude(prompt):
+    """Query Claude via the CLI subprocess."""
+    result = subprocess.run(
+        ["claude", "-p", prompt],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+    )
+    return result.stdout.strip()
+
+
+def ask(prompt, system=None, quality="fast"):
+    """Unified interface. quality='fast' uses Ollama, 'smart' uses Claude."""
+    if quality == "smart":
+        return ask_claude(prompt)
+    return ask_ollama(prompt, system=system)
+
+
+def chat_ollama(messages, system=None, model=DEFAULT_OLLAMA_MODEL):
+    """Multi-turn conversation with Ollama."""
+    all_messages = []
+    if system:
+        all_messages.append({"role": "system", "content": system})
+    all_messages.extend(messages)
+    response = ollama.chat(model=model, messages=all_messages)
+    return response.message.content

python/persian-tutor/anki_export.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"""Generate Anki .apkg decks from vocabulary data."""
+
+import genanki
+import random
+
+# Stable model/deck IDs (generated once, kept constant)
+_MODEL_ID = 1607392319
+_DECK_ID = 2059400110
+
+
+def _make_model():
+    """Create an Anki note model with two card templates."""
+    return genanki.Model(
+        _MODEL_ID,
+        "GCSE Persian",
+        fields=[
+            {"name": "English"},
+            {"name": "Persian"},
+            {"name": "Finglish"},
+            {"name": "Category"},
+        ],
+        templates=[
+            {
+                "name": "English → Persian",
+                "qfmt": '<div style="font-size:1.5em">{{English}}</div>'
+                '<br><small>{{Category}}</small>',
+                "afmt": '{{FrontSide}}<hr id="answer">'
+                '<div dir="rtl" style="font-size:2em">{{Persian}}</div>'
+                "<br><div>{{Finglish}}</div>",
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Persian → English",
+                "qfmt": '<div dir="rtl" style="font-size:2em">{{Persian}}</div>'
+                '<br><small>{{Category}}</small>',
+                "afmt": '{{FrontSide}}<hr id="answer">'
+                '<div style="font-size:1.5em">{{English}}</div>'
+                "<br><div>{{Finglish}}</div>",
+            },
+        ],
+        css=".card { font-family: arial; text-align: center; }",
+    )
+
+
+def export_deck(vocab, categories=None, output_path="gcse-persian.apkg"):
+    """Generate an Anki .apkg deck from vocabulary entries.
+
+    Args:
+        vocab: List of vocabulary entries (dicts with english, persian, finglish, category).
+        categories: Optional list of categories to include. None = all.
+        output_path: Where to save the .apkg file.
+
+    Returns:
+        Path to the generated .apkg file.
+    """
+    model = _make_model()
+    deck = genanki.Deck(_DECK_ID, "GCSE Persian")
+
+    for entry in vocab:
+        if categories and entry.get("category") not in categories:
+            continue
+
+        note = genanki.Note(
+            model=model,
+            fields=[
+                entry.get("english", ""),
+                entry.get("persian", ""),
+                entry.get("finglish", ""),
+                entry.get("category", ""),
+            ],
+            guid=genanki.guid_for(entry.get("id", entry["english"])),
+        )
+        deck.add_note(note)
+
+    package = genanki.Package(deck)
+    package.write_to_file(output_path)
+    return output_path

python/persian-tutor/app.py

@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+"""Persian Language Tutor — Gradio UI."""
+
+import json
+import os
+import tempfile
+import time
+
+import gradio as gr
+
+import db
+from modules import vocab, dashboard, essay, tutor, idioms
+from modules.essay import GCSE_THEMES
+from modules.tutor import THEME_PROMPTS
+from anki_export import export_deck
+
+
+# ---------- Initialise ----------
+db.init_db()
+vocabulary = vocab.load_vocab()
+categories = ["All"] + vocab.get_categories()
+
+
+# ---------- Helper ----------
+def _rtl(text, size="2em"):
+    return f'<div dir="rtl" style="font-size:{size}; text-align:center">{text}</div>'
+
+
+# ================================================================
+# TAB HANDLERS
+# ================================================================
+
+# ---------- Dashboard ----------
+def refresh_dashboard():
+    overview_md = dashboard.format_overview_markdown()
+    cat_data = dashboard.get_category_breakdown()
+    quiz_data = dashboard.get_recent_quizzes()
+    return overview_md, cat_data, quiz_data
+
+
+# ---------- Vocabulary Search ----------
+def do_search(query, category):
+    results = vocab.search(query)
+    if category and category != "All":
+        results = [r for r in results if r["category"] == category]
+    if not results:
+        return "No results found."
+    lines = []
+    for r in results:
+        status = vocab.get_word_status(r["id"])
+        icon = {"new": "⬜", "learning": "🟨", "mastered": "🟩"}.get(status, "⬜")
+        lines.append(
+            f'{icon} **{r["english"]}** — '
+            f'<span dir="rtl">{r["persian"]}</span>'
+            f' ({r.get("finglish", "")})'
+        )
+    return "\n\n".join(lines)
+
+
+def do_random_word(category, transliteration):
+    entry = vocab.get_random_word(category=category)
+    if not entry:
+        return "No words found."
+    return vocab.format_word_card(entry, show_transliteration=transliteration)
+
+
+# ---------- Flashcards ----------
+def start_flashcards(category, direction):
+    batch = vocab.get_flashcard_batch(count=10, category=category)
+    if not batch:
+        return "No words available.", [], 0, 0, "", gr.update(visible=False)
+
+    first = batch[0]
+    if direction == "English → Persian":
+        prompt = f'<div style="font-size:2em; text-align:center">{first["english"]}</div>'
+    else:
+        prompt = _rtl(first["persian"])
+
+    return (
+        prompt,                    # card_display
+        batch,                     # batch state
+        0,                         # current index
+        0,                         # score
+        "",                        # answer_box cleared
+        gr.update(visible=True),   # answer_area visible
+    )
+
+
+def submit_answer(user_answer, batch, index, score, direction, transliteration):
+    if not batch or index >= len(batch):
+        return "Session complete!", batch, index, score, "", gr.update(visible=False), ""
+
+    entry = batch[index]
+    dir_key = "en_to_fa" if direction == "English → Persian" else "fa_to_en"
+    is_correct, correct_answer, _ = vocab.check_answer(entry["id"], user_answer, direction=dir_key)
+
+    if is_correct:
+        score += 1
+        result = "✅ **Correct!**"
+    else:
+        result = f"❌ **Incorrect.** The answer is: "
+        if dir_key == "en_to_fa":
+            result += f'<span dir="rtl">{correct_answer}</span>'
+        else:
+            result += correct_answer
+
+    card_info = vocab.format_word_card(entry, show_transliteration=transliteration)
+    feedback = f"{result}\n\n{card_info}\n\n---\n*Rate your recall to continue:*"
+
+    return feedback, batch, index, score, "", gr.update(visible=True), ""
+
+
+def rate_and_next(rating_str, batch, index, score, direction):
+    if not batch or index >= len(batch):
+        return "Session complete!", batch, index, score, gr.update(visible=False)
+
+    import fsrs as fsrs_mod
+    rating_map = {
+        "Again": fsrs_mod.Rating.Again,
+        "Hard": fsrs_mod.Rating.Hard,
+        "Good": fsrs_mod.Rating.Good,
+        "Easy": fsrs_mod.Rating.Easy,
+    }
+    rating = rating_map.get(rating_str, fsrs_mod.Rating.Good)
+    entry = batch[index]
+    db.update_word_progress(entry["id"], rating)
+
+    index += 1
+    if index >= len(batch):
+        summary = f"## Session Complete!\n\n**Score:** {score}/{len(batch)}\n\n"
+        summary += f"**Accuracy:** {score/len(batch)*100:.0f}%"
+        return summary, batch, index, score, gr.update(visible=False)
+
+    next_entry = batch[index]
+    if direction == "English → Persian":
+        prompt = f'<div style="font-size:2em; text-align:center">{next_entry["english"]}</div>'
+    else:
+        prompt = _rtl(next_entry["persian"])
+
+    return prompt, batch, index, score, gr.update(visible=True)
+
+
+# ---------- Idioms ----------
+def show_random_idiom(transliteration):
+    expr = idioms.get_random_expression()
+    return idioms.format_expression(expr, show_transliteration=transliteration), expr
+
+
+def explain_idiom(expr_state):
+    if not expr_state:
+        return "Pick an idiom first."
+    return idioms.explain_expression(expr_state)
+
+
+def browse_idioms(transliteration):
+    exprs = idioms.get_all_expressions()
+    lines = []
+    for e in exprs:
+        line = f'**<span dir="rtl">{e["persian"]}</span>** — {e["english"]}'
+        if transliteration != "off":
+            line += f' *({e["finglish"]})*'
+        lines.append(line)
+    return "\n\n".join(lines)
+
+
+# ---------- Tutor ----------
+def start_tutor_lesson(theme):
+    response, messages, system = tutor.start_lesson(theme)
+    chat_history = [{"role": "assistant", "content": response}]
+    return chat_history, messages, system, time.time()
+
+
+def send_tutor_message(user_msg, chat_history, messages, system, audio_input):
+    # Use STT if audio provided and no text
+    if audio_input is not None and (not user_msg or not user_msg.strip()):
+        try:
+            from stt import transcribe_persian
+            user_msg = transcribe_persian(audio_input)
+        except Exception:
+            user_msg = ""
+
+    if not user_msg or not user_msg.strip():
+        return chat_history, messages, "", None
+
+    response, messages = tutor.process_response(user_msg, messages, system=system)
+    chat_history.append({"role": "user", "content": user_msg})
+    chat_history.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response})
+    return chat_history, messages, "", None
+
+
+def save_tutor(theme, messages, start_time):
+    if messages and len(messages) > 1:
+        tutor.save_session(theme, messages, start_time)
+        return "Session saved!"
+    return "Nothing to save."
+
+
+# ---------- Essay ----------
+def submit_essay(text, theme):
+    if not text or not text.strip():
+        return "Please write an essay first."
+    return essay.mark_essay(text, theme)
+
+
+def load_essay_history():
+    return essay.get_essay_history()
+
+
+# ---------- Settings / Export ----------
+def do_anki_export(cats_selected):
+    v = vocab.load_vocab()
+    cats = cats_selected if cats_selected else None
+    path = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), "gcse-persian.apkg")
+    export_deck(v, categories=cats, output_path=path)
+    return path
+
+
+def reset_progress():
+    conn = db.get_connection()
+    conn.execute("DELETE FROM word_progress")
+    conn.execute("DELETE FROM quiz_sessions")
+    conn.execute("DELETE FROM essays")
+    conn.execute("DELETE FROM tutor_sessions")
+    conn.commit()
+    return "Progress reset."
+
+
+# ================================================================
+# GRADIO UI
+# ================================================================
+
+with gr.Blocks(title="Persian Language Tutor") as app:
+    gr.Markdown("# 🇮🇷 Persian Language Tutor\n*GCSE Persian vocabulary with spaced repetition*")
+
+    # Shared state
+    transliteration_state = gr.State(value="Finglish")
+
+    with gr.Tabs():
+        # ==================== DASHBOARD ====================
+        with gr.Tab("📊 Dashboard"):
+            overview_md = gr.Markdown("Loading...")
+            with gr.Row():
+                cat_table = gr.Dataframe(
+                    headers=["Category", "Total", "Seen", "Mastered", "Progress"],
+                    label="Category Breakdown",
+                )
+            quiz_table = gr.Dataframe(
+                headers=["Date", "Category", "Score", "Duration"],
+                label="Recent Quizzes",
+            )
+            refresh_btn = gr.Button("Refresh", variant="secondary")
+            refresh_btn.click(
+                fn=refresh_dashboard,
+                outputs=[overview_md, cat_table, quiz_table],
+            )
+
+        # ==================== VOCABULARY ====================
+        with gr.Tab("📚 Vocabulary"):
+            with gr.Row():
+                search_box = gr.Textbox(
+                    label="Search (English or Persian)",
+                    placeholder="Type to search...",
+                )
+                vocab_cat = gr.Dropdown(
+                    choices=categories, value="All", label="Category"
+                )
+            search_btn = gr.Button("Search", variant="primary")
+            random_btn = gr.Button("Random Word")
+            search_results = gr.Markdown("Search for a word above.")
+
+            search_btn.click(
+                fn=do_search,
+                inputs=[search_box, vocab_cat],
+                outputs=[search_results],
+            )
+            search_box.submit(
+                fn=do_search,
+                inputs=[search_box, vocab_cat],
+                outputs=[search_results],
+            )
+            random_btn.click(
+                fn=do_random_word,
+                inputs=[vocab_cat, transliteration_state],
+                outputs=[search_results],
+            )
+
+        # ==================== FLASHCARDS ====================
+        with gr.Tab("🃏 Flashcards"):
+            with gr.Row():
+                fc_category = gr.Dropdown(
+                    choices=categories, value="All", label="Category"
+                )
+                fc_direction = gr.Radio(
+                    ["English → Persian", "Persian → English"],
+                    value="English → Persian",
+                    label="Direction",
+                )
+            start_fc_btn = gr.Button("Start Session", variant="primary")
+
+            card_display = gr.Markdown("Press 'Start Session' to begin.")
+
+            # Hidden states
+            fc_batch = gr.State([])
+            fc_index = gr.State(0)
+            fc_score = gr.State(0)
+
+            with gr.Group(visible=False) as answer_area:
+                answer_box = gr.Textbox(
+                    label="Your answer",
+                    placeholder="Type your answer...",
+                    rtl=True,
+                )
+                submit_ans_btn = gr.Button("Submit Answer", variant="primary")
+                answer_feedback = gr.Markdown("")
+
+                with gr.Row():
+                    btn_again = gr.Button("Again", variant="stop")
+                    btn_hard = gr.Button("Hard", variant="secondary")
+                    btn_good = gr.Button("Good", variant="primary")
+                    btn_easy = gr.Button("Easy", variant="secondary")
+
+            start_fc_btn.click(
+                fn=start_flashcards,
+                inputs=[fc_category, fc_direction],
+                outputs=[card_display, fc_batch, fc_index, fc_score, answer_box, answer_area],
+            )
+
+            submit_ans_btn.click(
+                fn=submit_answer,
+                inputs=[answer_box, fc_batch, fc_index, fc_score, fc_direction, transliteration_state],
+                outputs=[card_display, fc_batch, fc_index, fc_score, answer_box, answer_area, answer_feedback],
+            )
+            answer_box.submit(
+                fn=submit_answer,
+                inputs=[answer_box, fc_batch, fc_index, fc_score, fc_direction, transliteration_state],
+                outputs=[card_display, fc_batch, fc_index, fc_score, answer_box, answer_area, answer_feedback],
+            )
+
+            for btn, label in [(btn_again, "Again"), (btn_hard, "Hard"), (btn_good, "Good"), (btn_easy, "Easy")]:
+                btn.click(
+                    fn=rate_and_next,
+                    inputs=[gr.State(label), fc_batch, fc_index, fc_score, fc_direction],
+                    outputs=[card_display, fc_batch, fc_index, fc_score, answer_area],
+                )
+
+        # ==================== IDIOMS ====================
+        with gr.Tab("💬 Idioms & Expressions"):
+            idiom_display = gr.Markdown("Click 'Random Idiom' or browse below.")
+            idiom_state = gr.State(None)
+
+            with gr.Row():
+                random_idiom_btn = gr.Button("Random Idiom", variant="primary")
+                explain_idiom_btn = gr.Button("Explain Usage")
+                browse_idiom_btn = gr.Button("Browse All")
+
+            idiom_explanation = gr.Markdown("")
+
+            random_idiom_btn.click(
+                fn=show_random_idiom,
+                inputs=[transliteration_state],
+                outputs=[idiom_display, idiom_state],
+            )
+            explain_idiom_btn.click(
+                fn=explain_idiom,
+                inputs=[idiom_state],
+                outputs=[idiom_explanation],
+            )
+            browse_idiom_btn.click(
+                fn=browse_idioms,
+                inputs=[transliteration_state],
+                outputs=[idiom_display],
+            )
+
+        # ==================== TUTOR ====================
+        with gr.Tab("🎓 Tutor"):
+            tutor_theme = gr.Dropdown(
+                choices=list(THEME_PROMPTS.keys()),
+                value="Identity and culture",
+                label="Theme",
+            )
+            start_lesson_btn = gr.Button("New Lesson", variant="primary")
+
+            chatbot = gr.Chatbot(label="Conversation")
+
+            # Tutor states
+            tutor_messages = gr.State([])
+            tutor_system = gr.State("")
+            tutor_start_time = gr.State(0)
+
+            with gr.Row():
+                tutor_input = gr.Textbox(
+                    label="Your message",
+                    placeholder="Type in English or Persian...",
+                    scale=3,
+                )
+                tutor_mic = gr.Audio(
+                    sources=["microphone"],
+                    type="numpy",
+                    label="Speak",
+                    scale=1,
+                )
+            send_btn = gr.Button("Send", variant="primary")
+            save_btn = gr.Button("Save Session", variant="secondary")
+            save_status = gr.Markdown("")
+
+            start_lesson_btn.click(
+                fn=start_tutor_lesson,
+                inputs=[tutor_theme],
+                outputs=[chatbot, tutor_messages, tutor_system, tutor_start_time],
+            )
+
+            send_btn.click(
+                fn=send_tutor_message,
+                inputs=[tutor_input, chatbot, tutor_messages, tutor_system, tutor_mic],
+                outputs=[chatbot, tutor_messages, tutor_input, tutor_mic],
+            )
+            tutor_input.submit(
+                fn=send_tutor_message,
+                inputs=[tutor_input, chatbot, tutor_messages, tutor_system, tutor_mic],
+                outputs=[chatbot, tutor_messages, tutor_input, tutor_mic],
+            )
+
+            save_btn.click(
+                fn=save_tutor,
+                inputs=[tutor_theme, tutor_messages, tutor_start_time],
+                outputs=[save_status],
+            )
+
+        # ==================== ESSAY ====================
+        with gr.Tab("✍️ Essay"):
+            essay_theme = gr.Dropdown(
+                choices=GCSE_THEMES,
+                value="Identity and culture",
+                label="Theme",
+            )
+            essay_input = gr.Textbox(
+                label="Write your essay in Persian",
+                lines=10,
+                rtl=True,
+                placeholder="اینجا بنویسید...",
+            )
+            submit_essay_btn = gr.Button("Submit for Marking", variant="primary")
+            essay_feedback = gr.Markdown("Write an essay and submit for AI marking.")
+
+            gr.Markdown("### Essay History")
+            essay_history_table = gr.Dataframe(
+                headers=["Date", "Theme", "Grade", "Preview"],
+                label="Past Essays",
+            )
+            refresh_essays_btn = gr.Button("Refresh History")
+
+            submit_essay_btn.click(
+                fn=submit_essay,
+                inputs=[essay_input, essay_theme],
+                outputs=[essay_feedback],
+            )
+            refresh_essays_btn.click(
+                fn=load_essay_history,
+                outputs=[essay_history_table],
+            )
+
+        # ==================== SETTINGS ====================
+        with gr.Tab("⚙️ Settings"):
+            gr.Markdown("## Settings")
+
+            transliteration_radio = gr.Radio(
+                ["off", "Finglish", "Academic"],
+                value="Finglish",
+                label="Transliteration",
+            )
+
+            ollama_model = gr.Textbox(
+                label="Ollama Model",
+                value="qwen2.5:7b",
+                info="Model used for fast AI responses",
+            )
+
+            whisper_size = gr.Dropdown(
+                choices=["tiny", "base", "small", "medium", "large-v3"],
+                value="medium",
+                label="Whisper Model Size",
+            )
+
+            gr.Markdown("### Anki Export")
+            export_cats = gr.Dropdown(
+                choices=vocab.get_categories(),
+                multiselect=True,
+                label="Categories to export (empty = all)",
+            )
+            export_btn = gr.Button("Export to Anki (.apkg)", variant="primary")
+            export_file = gr.File(label="Download")
+
+            export_btn.click(fn=do_anki_export, inputs=[export_cats], outputs=[export_file])
+
+            gr.Markdown("### Reset")
+            reset_btn = gr.Button("Reset All Progress", variant="stop")
+            reset_status = gr.Markdown("")
+            reset_btn.click(fn=reset_progress, outputs=[reset_status])
+
+            # Wire transliteration state
+            transliteration_radio.change(
+                fn=lambda x: x,
+                inputs=[transliteration_radio],
+                outputs=[transliteration_state],
+            )
+
+    # Load dashboard on app start
+    app.load(fn=refresh_dashboard, outputs=[overview_md, cat_table, quiz_table])
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    app.launch(theme=gr.themes.Soft())

python/persian-tutor/db.py

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+"""SQLite database layer with FSRS spaced repetition integration."""
+
+import json
+import sqlite3
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import fsrs
+
+DB_PATH = Path(__file__).parent / "data" / "progress.db"
+
+_conn = None
+_scheduler = fsrs.Scheduler()
+
+
+def get_connection():
+    """Return the shared SQLite connection (singleton)."""
+    global _conn
+    if _conn is None:
+        DB_PATH.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        _conn = sqlite3.connect(str(DB_PATH), check_same_thread=False)
+        _conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
+        _conn.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL")
+    return _conn
+
+
+def init_db():
+    """Create all tables if they don't exist. Called once at startup."""
+    conn = get_connection()
+    conn.executescript("""
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS word_progress (
+            word_id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+            fsrs_state TEXT,
+            due TIMESTAMP,
+            stability REAL,
+            difficulty REAL,
+            reps INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
+            lapses INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
+            last_review TIMESTAMP
+        );
+
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS quiz_sessions (
+            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+            timestamp TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+            category TEXT,
+            total_questions INTEGER,
+            correct INTEGER,
+            duration_seconds INTEGER
+        );
+
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS essays (
+            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+            timestamp TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+            essay_text TEXT,
+            grade TEXT,
+            feedback TEXT,
+            theme TEXT
+        );
+
+        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tutor_sessions (
+            id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+            timestamp TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
+            theme TEXT,
+            messages TEXT,
+            duration_seconds INTEGER
+        );
+    """)
+    conn.commit()
+
+
+def get_word_progress(word_id):
+    """Return learning state for one word, or None if never reviewed."""
+    conn = get_connection()
+    row = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT * FROM word_progress WHERE word_id = ?", (word_id,)
+    ).fetchone()
+    return dict(row) if row else None
+
+
+def update_word_progress(word_id, rating):
+    """Run FSRS algorithm, update due date/stability/difficulty.
+
+    Args:
+        word_id: Vocabulary entry ID.
+        rating: fsrs.Rating value (Again=1, Hard=2, Good=3, Easy=4).
+    """
+    conn = get_connection()
+    existing = get_word_progress(word_id)
+
+    if existing and existing["fsrs_state"]:
+        card = fsrs.Card.from_dict(json.loads(existing["fsrs_state"]))
+    else:
+        card = fsrs.Card()
+
+    card, review_log = _scheduler.review_card(card, rating)
+
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
+    card_json = json.dumps(card.to_dict(), default=str)
+
+    conn.execute(
+        """INSERT OR REPLACE INTO word_progress
+           (word_id, fsrs_state, due, stability, difficulty, reps, lapses, last_review)
+           VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)""",
+        (
+            word_id,
+            card_json,
+            card.due.isoformat(),
+            card.stability,
+            card.difficulty,
+            (existing["reps"] + 1) if existing else 1,
+            existing["lapses"] if existing else 0,
+            now,
+        ),
+    )
+    conn.commit()
+    return card
+
+
+def get_due_words(limit=20):
+    """Return word IDs where due <= now, ordered by due date."""
+    conn = get_connection()
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
+    rows = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT word_id FROM word_progress WHERE due <= ? ORDER BY due LIMIT ?",
+        (now, limit),
+    ).fetchall()
+    return [row["word_id"] for row in rows]
+
+
+def get_word_counts(total_vocab_size=0):
+    """Return dict with total/seen/mastered/due counts for dashboard."""
+    conn = get_connection()
+    now = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()
+
+    seen = conn.execute("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM word_progress").fetchone()[0]
+    mastered = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM word_progress WHERE stability > 10"
+    ).fetchone()[0]
+    due = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM word_progress WHERE due <= ?", (now,)
+    ).fetchone()[0]
+
+    return {
+        "total": total_vocab_size,
+        "seen": seen,
+        "mastered": mastered,
+        "due": due,
+    }
+
+
+def record_quiz_session(category, total_questions, correct, duration_seconds):
+    """Log a completed flashcard session."""
+    conn = get_connection()
+    conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO quiz_sessions (category, total_questions, correct, duration_seconds) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
+        (category, total_questions, correct, duration_seconds),
+    )
+    conn.commit()
+
+
+def save_essay(essay_text, grade, feedback, theme):
+    """Save an essay + AI feedback."""
+    conn = get_connection()
+    conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO essays (essay_text, grade, feedback, theme) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)",
+        (essay_text, grade, feedback, theme),
+    )
+    conn.commit()
+
+
+def save_tutor_session(theme, messages, duration_seconds):
+    """Save a tutor conversation."""
+    conn = get_connection()
+    conn.execute(
+        "INSERT INTO tutor_sessions (theme, messages, duration_seconds) VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+        (theme, json.dumps(messages, ensure_ascii=False), duration_seconds),
+    )
+    conn.commit()
+
+
+def get_stats():
+    """Aggregate data for the dashboard."""
+    conn = get_connection()
+
+    recent_quizzes = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT * FROM quiz_sessions ORDER BY timestamp DESC LIMIT 10"
+    ).fetchall()
+
+    total_reviews = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT COALESCE(SUM(reps), 0) FROM word_progress"
+    ).fetchone()[0]
+
+    total_quizzes = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM quiz_sessions"
+    ).fetchone()[0]
+
+    # Streak: count consecutive days with activity
+    days = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT DISTINCT DATE(last_review) as d FROM word_progress WHERE last_review IS NOT NULL ORDER BY d DESC"
+    ).fetchall()
+
+    streak = 0
+    today = datetime.now(timezone.utc).date()
+    for i, row in enumerate(days):
+        day = datetime.fromisoformat(row["d"]).date() if isinstance(row["d"], str) else row["d"]
+        expected = today - __import__("datetime").timedelta(days=i)
+        if day == expected:
+            streak += 1
+        else:
+            break
+
+    return {
+        "recent_quizzes": [dict(r) for r in recent_quizzes],
+        "total_reviews": total_reviews,
+        "total_quizzes": total_quizzes,
+        "streak": streak,
+    }
+
+
+def get_recent_essays(limit=10):
+    """Return recent essays for the essay history view."""
+    conn = get_connection()
+    rows = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT * FROM essays ORDER BY timestamp DESC LIMIT ?", (limit,)
+    ).fetchall()
+    return [dict(r) for r in rows]
+
+
+def close():
+    """Close the database connection."""
+    global _conn
+    if _conn:
+        _conn.close()
+        _conn = None

python/persian-tutor/modules/dashboard.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+"""Dashboard: progress stats, charts, and overview."""
+
+import db
+from modules.vocab import load_vocab, get_categories
+
+
+def get_overview():
+    """Return overview stats: total words, seen, mastered, due today."""
+    vocab = load_vocab()
+    counts = db.get_word_counts(total_vocab_size=len(vocab))
+    stats = db.get_stats()
+    counts["streak"] = stats["streak"]
+    counts["total_reviews"] = stats["total_reviews"]
+    counts["total_quizzes"] = stats["total_quizzes"]
+    return counts
+
+
+def get_category_breakdown():
+    """Return progress per category as list of dicts."""
+    vocab = load_vocab()
+    categories = get_categories()
+
+    breakdown = []
+    for cat in categories:
+        cat_words = [e for e in vocab if e["category"] == cat]
+        cat_ids = {e["id"] for e in cat_words}
+        total = len(cat_words)
+
+        seen = 0
+        mastered = 0
+        for wid in cat_ids:
+            progress = db.get_word_progress(wid)
+            if progress:
+                seen += 1
+                if progress["stability"] and progress["stability"] > 10:
+                    mastered += 1
+
+        breakdown.append({
+            "Category": cat,
+            "Total": total,
+            "Seen": seen,
+            "Mastered": mastered,
+            "Progress": f"{seen}/{total}" if total > 0 else "0/0",
+        })
+
+    return breakdown
+
+
+def get_recent_quizzes(limit=10):
+    """Return recent quiz results as list of dicts for display."""
+    stats = db.get_stats()
+    quizzes = stats["recent_quizzes"][:limit]
+    result = []
+    for q in quizzes:
+        result.append({
+            "Date": q["timestamp"],
+            "Category": q["category"] or "All",
+            "Score": f"{q['correct']}/{q['total_questions']}",
+            "Duration": f"{q['duration_seconds'] or 0}s",
+        })
+    return result
+
+
+def format_overview_markdown():
+    """Format overview stats as a markdown string for display."""
+    o = get_overview()
+    pct = (o["seen"] / o["total"] * 100) if o["total"] > 0 else 0
+    bar_filled = int(pct / 5)
+    bar_empty = 20 - bar_filled
+    progress_bar = "█" * bar_filled + "░" * bar_empty
+
+    lines = [
+        "## Dashboard",
+        "",
+        f"**Words studied:** {o['seen']} / {o['total']} ({pct:.0f}%)",
+        f"`{progress_bar}`",
+        "",
+        f"**Due today:** {o['due']}",
+        f"**Mastered:** {o['mastered']}",
+        f"**Daily streak:** {o['streak']} day{'s' if o['streak'] != 1 else ''}",
+        f"**Total reviews:** {o['total_reviews']}",
+        f"**Quiz sessions:** {o['total_quizzes']}",
+    ]
+    return "\n".join(lines)

python/persian-tutor/modules/essay.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""Essay writing and AI marking."""
+
+import db
+from ai import ask
+
+MARKING_SYSTEM_PROMPT = """You are an expert Persian (Farsi) language teacher marking a GCSE-level essay.
+You write in English but can read and correct Persian text.
+Always provide constructive, encouraging feedback suitable for a language learner."""
+
+MARKING_PROMPT_TEMPLATE = """Please mark this Persian essay written by a GCSE student.
+
+Theme: {theme}
+
+Student's essay:
+{essay_text}
+
+Please provide your response in this exact format:
+
+**Grade:** [Give a grade from 1-9 matching GCSE grading, or a descriptive level like A2/B1]
+
+**Summary:** [1-2 sentence overview of the essay quality]
+
+**Corrections:**
+[List specific errors with corrections. For each error, show the original text and the corrected version in Persian, with an English explanation]
+
+**Improved version:**
+[Rewrite the essay in corrected Persian]
+
+**Tips for improvement:**
+[3-5 specific, actionable tips for the student]"""
+
+
+GCSE_THEMES = [
+    "Identity and culture",
+    "Local area and environment",
+    "School and work",
+    "Travel and tourism",
+    "International and global dimension",
+]
+
+
+def mark_essay(essay_text, theme="General"):
+    """Send essay to AI for marking. Returns structured feedback."""
+    if not essay_text or not essay_text.strip():
+        return "Please write an essay first."
+
+    prompt = MARKING_PROMPT_TEMPLATE.format(
+        theme=theme,
+        essay_text=essay_text.strip(),
+    )
+
+    feedback = ask(prompt, system=MARKING_SYSTEM_PROMPT, quality="smart")
+
+    # Extract grade from feedback (best-effort)
+    grade = ""
+    for line in feedback.split("\n"):
+        if line.strip().startswith("**Grade:**"):
+            grade = line.replace("**Grade:**", "").strip()
+            break
+
+    # Save to database
+    db.save_essay(essay_text.strip(), grade, feedback, theme)
+
+    return feedback
+
+
+def get_essay_history(limit=10):
+    """Return recent essays for the history view."""
+    essays = db.get_recent_essays(limit)
+    result = []
+    for e in essays:
+        result.append({
+            "Date": e["timestamp"],
+            "Theme": e["theme"] or "General",
+            "Grade": e["grade"] or "-",
+            "Preview": (e["essay_text"] or "")[:50] + "...",
+        })
+    return result

python/persian-tutor/modules/idioms.py

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+"""Persian idioms, expressions, and social conventions."""
+
+from ai import ask
+
+# Built-in collection of common Persian expressions and idioms
+EXPRESSIONS = [
+    {
+        "persian": "سلام علیکم",
+        "finglish": "salâm aleykom",
+        "english": "Peace be upon you (formal greeting)",
+        "context": "Formal greeting, especially with elders",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "خسته نباشید",
+        "finglish": "khaste nabâshid",
+        "english": "May you not be tired",
+        "context": "Common greeting to someone who has been working. Used as 'hello' in shops, offices, etc.",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "دستت درد نکنه",
+        "finglish": "dastet dard nakone",
+        "english": "May your hand not hurt",
+        "context": "Thank you for your effort (after someone does something for you)",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "قابلی نداره",
+        "finglish": "ghâbeli nadâre",
+        "english": "It's not worthy (of you)",
+        "context": "You're welcome / Don't mention it — said when giving a gift or doing a favour",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "تعارف نکن",
+        "finglish": "ta'ârof nakon",
+        "english": "Don't do ta'arof",
+        "context": "Stop being politely modest — please accept! Part of Persian ta'arof culture.",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "نوش جان",
+        "finglish": "nush-e jân",
+        "english": "May it nourish your soul",
+        "context": "Said to someone eating — like 'bon appétit' or 'enjoy your meal'",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "چشمت روز بد نبینه",
+        "finglish": "cheshmet ruz-e bad nabine",
+        "english": "May your eyes never see a bad day",
+        "context": "A warm wish for someone's wellbeing",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "قدمت روی چشم",
+        "finglish": "ghadamet ru-ye cheshm",
+        "english": "Your step is on my eye",
+        "context": "Warm welcome — 'you're very welcome here'. Extremely hospitable expression.",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "ان‌شاءالله",
+        "finglish": "inshâ'allâh",
+        "english": "God willing",
+        "context": "Used when talking about future plans. Very common in daily speech.",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "ماشاءالله",
+        "finglish": "mâshâ'allâh",
+        "english": "What God has willed",
+        "context": "Expression of admiration or praise, also used to ward off the evil eye.",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "الهی شکر",
+        "finglish": "elâhi shokr",
+        "english": "Thank God",
+        "context": "Expression of gratitude, similar to 'thankfully'",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "به سلامتی",
+        "finglish": "be salâmati",
+        "english": "To your health / Cheers",
+        "context": "A toast or general well-wishing expression",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "عید مبارک",
+        "finglish": "eyd mobârak",
+        "english": "Happy holiday/celebration",
+        "context": "Used for any celebration, especially Nowruz",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "تسلیت می‌گم",
+        "finglish": "tasliyat migam",
+        "english": "I offer my condolences",
+        "context": "Expressing sympathy when someone has lost a loved one",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "خدا بیامرزه",
+        "finglish": "khodâ biâmorzesh",
+        "english": "May God forgive them (rest in peace)",
+        "context": "Said about someone who has passed away",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "زبونت رو گاز بگیر",
+        "finglish": "zaboonet ro gâz begir",
+        "english": "Bite your tongue",
+        "context": "Don't say such things! (similar to English 'touch wood')",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "دمت گرم",
+        "finglish": "damet garm",
+        "english": "May your breath be warm",
+        "context": "Well done! / Good for you! (informal, friendly praise)",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "چشم",
+        "finglish": "cheshm",
+        "english": "On my eye (I will do it)",
+        "context": "Respectful way of saying 'yes, I'll do it' — shows obedience/respect",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "بفرمایید",
+        "finglish": "befarmâyid",
+        "english": "Please (go ahead / help yourself / come in)",
+        "context": "Very versatile polite expression: offering food, inviting someone in, or giving way",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "ببخشید",
+        "finglish": "bebakhshid",
+        "english": "Excuse me / I'm sorry",
+        "context": "Used for both apologies and getting someone's attention",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "مخلصیم",
+        "finglish": "mokhlesim",
+        "english": "I'm your humble servant",
+        "context": "Polite/humble way of saying goodbye or responding to a compliment (ta'arof)",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "سرت سلامت باشه",
+        "finglish": "saret salâmat bâshe",
+        "english": "May your head be safe",
+        "context": "Expression of condolence — 'I'm sorry for your loss'",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "روی ما رو زمین ننداز",
+        "finglish": "ru-ye mâ ro zamin nandâz",
+        "english": "Don't throw our face on the ground",
+        "context": "Please don't refuse/embarrass us — said when insisting on a request",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "قربونت برم",
+        "finglish": "ghorboonet beram",
+        "english": "I'd sacrifice myself for you",
+        "context": "Term of endearment — very common among family and close friends",
+    },
+    {
+        "persian": "جون دل",
+        "finglish": "jun-e del",
+        "english": "Life of my heart",
+        "context": "Affectionate term used with loved ones",
+    },
+]
+
+
+def get_all_expressions():
+    """Return all built-in expressions."""
+    return EXPRESSIONS
+
+
+def get_random_expression():
+    """Pick a random expression."""
+    import random
+    return random.choice(EXPRESSIONS)
+
+
+def explain_expression(expression):
+    """Use AI to generate a detailed explanation with usage examples."""
+    prompt = f"""Explain this Persian expression for an English-speaking student:
+
+Persian: {expression['persian']}
+Transliteration: {expression['finglish']}
+Literal meaning: {expression['english']}
+Context: {expression['context']}
+
+Please provide:
+1. A fuller explanation of when and how this is used
+2. The cultural context (ta'arof, hospitality, etc.)
+3. Two example dialogues showing it in use (in Persian with English translation)
+4. Any variations or related expressions
+
+Keep it concise and student-friendly."""
+
+    return ask(prompt, quality="fast")
+
+
+def format_expression(expr, show_transliteration="off"):
+    """Format an expression for display."""
+    parts = [
+        f'<div dir="rtl" style="font-size:1.8em; text-align:center">{expr["persian"]}</div>',
+        f'<div style="text-align:center; font-size:1.2em">{expr["english"]}</div>',
+    ]
+    if show_transliteration != "off":
+        parts.append(f'<div style="text-align:center; color:#666; font-style:italic">{expr["finglish"]}</div>')
+    parts.append(f'<div style="text-align:center; color:#888; margin-top:0.5em">{expr["context"]}</div>')
+    return "\n".join(parts)

python/persian-tutor/modules/tutor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+"""Conversational Persian lessons by GCSE theme."""
+
+import time
+
+import db
+from ai import chat_ollama
+
+TUTOR_SYSTEM_PROMPT = """You are a friendly Persian (Farsi) language tutor teaching English-speaking GCSE students.
+
+Rules:
+- Use a mix of English and Persian. Start mostly in English, gradually introducing more Persian.
+- When you write Persian, also provide the Finglish transliteration in parentheses.
+- Keep responses concise (2-4 sentences per turn).
+- Ask the student to practice: translate phrases, answer questions in Persian, or fill in blanks.
+- Correct mistakes gently and explain why.
+- Stay on the current theme/topic.
+- Use Iranian Persian (Farsi), not Dari or Tajik.
+- Adapt to the student's level based on their responses."""
+
+THEME_PROMPTS = {
+    "Identity and culture": "Let's practice talking about family, personality, daily routines, and Persian celebrations like Nowruz!",
+    "Local area and environment": "Let's practice talking about your home, neighbourhood, shopping, and the environment!",
+    "School and work": "Let's practice talking about school subjects, school life, jobs, and future plans!",
+    "Travel and tourism": "Let's practice talking about transport, directions, holidays, hotels, and restaurants!",
+    "International and global dimension": "Let's practice talking about health, global issues, technology, and social media!",
+    "Free conversation": "Let's have a free conversation in Persian! I'll help you along the way.",
+}
+
+
+def start_lesson(theme):
+    """Generate the opening message for a new lesson.
+
+    Returns:
+        (assistant_message, messages_list)
+    """
+    intro = THEME_PROMPTS.get(theme, THEME_PROMPTS["Free conversation"])
+    system = TUTOR_SYSTEM_PROMPT + f"\n\nCurrent topic: {theme}. {intro}"
+
+    messages = [{"role": "user", "content": f"I'd like to practice Persian. Today's theme is: {theme}"}]
+    response = chat_ollama(messages, system=system)
+    messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response})
+
+    return response, messages, system
+
+
+def process_response(user_input, messages, system=None):
+    """Add user input to conversation, get AI response.
+
+    Returns:
+        (assistant_response, updated_messages)
+    """
+    if not user_input or not user_input.strip():
+        return "", messages
+
+    messages.append({"role": "user", "content": user_input.strip()})
+    response = chat_ollama(messages, system=system)
+    messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response})
+
+    return response, messages
+
+
+def save_session(theme, messages, start_time):
+    """Save the current tutor session to the database."""
+    duration = int(time.time() - start_time)
+    db.save_tutor_session(theme, messages, duration)

python/persian-tutor/modules/vocab.py

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+"""Vocabulary search, flashcard logic, and FSRS-driven review."""
+
+import json
+import random
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import fsrs
+
+import db
+
+
+VOCAB_PATH = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "data" / "vocabulary.json"
+
+_vocab_data = None
+
+
+def load_vocab():
+    """Load vocabulary data from JSON (cached)."""
+    global _vocab_data
+    if _vocab_data is None:
+        with open(VOCAB_PATH, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            _vocab_data = json.load(f)
+    return _vocab_data
+
+
+def get_categories():
+    """Return sorted list of unique categories."""
+    vocab = load_vocab()
+    return sorted({entry["category"] for entry in vocab})
+
+
+def get_sections():
+    """Return sorted list of unique sections."""
+    vocab = load_vocab()
+    return sorted({entry["section"] for entry in vocab})
+
+
+def search(query, vocab_data=None):
+    """Search vocabulary by English or Persian text. Returns matching entries."""
+    if not query or not query.strip():
+        return []
+    vocab = vocab_data or load_vocab()
+    query_lower = query.strip().lower()
+    results = []
+    for entry in vocab:
+        if (
+            query_lower in entry["english"].lower()
+            or query_lower in entry["persian"]
+            or (entry.get("finglish") and query_lower in entry["finglish"].lower())
+        ):
+            results.append(entry)
+    return results
+
+
+def get_random_word(vocab_data=None, category=None):
+    """Pick a random vocabulary entry, optionally filtered by category."""
+    vocab = vocab_data or load_vocab()
+    if category and category != "All":
+        filtered = [e for e in vocab if e["category"] == category]
+    else:
+        filtered = vocab
+    if not filtered:
+        return None
+    return random.choice(filtered)
+
+
+def get_flashcard_batch(count=10, category=None):
+    """Get a batch of words for flashcard study.
+
+    Prioritizes due words (FSRS), then fills with new/random words.
+    """
+    vocab = load_vocab()
+
+    if category and category != "All":
+        pool = [e for e in vocab if e["category"] == category]
+    else:
+        pool = vocab
+
+    # Get due words first
+    due_ids = db.get_due_words(limit=count)
+    due_entries = [e for e in pool if e["id"] in due_ids]
+
+    # Fill remaining with unseen or random words
+    remaining = count - len(due_entries)
+    if remaining > 0:
+        seen_ids = {e["id"] for e in due_entries}
+        # Prefer unseen words
+        unseen = [e for e in pool if e["id"] not in seen_ids and not db.get_word_progress(e["id"])]
+        if len(unseen) >= remaining:
+            fill = random.sample(unseen, remaining)
+        else:
+            # Use all unseen + random from rest
+            fill = unseen
+            still_needed = remaining - len(fill)
+            rest = [e for e in pool if e["id"] not in seen_ids and e not in fill]
+            if rest:
+                fill.extend(random.sample(rest, min(still_needed, len(rest))))
+        due_entries.extend(fill)
+
+    random.shuffle(due_entries)
+    return due_entries
+
+
+def check_answer(word_id, user_answer, direction="en_to_fa"):
+    """Check if user's answer matches the target word.
+
+    Args:
+        word_id: Vocabulary entry ID.
+        user_answer: What the user typed.
+        direction: "en_to_fa" (user writes Persian) or "fa_to_en" (user writes English).
+
+    Returns:
+        (is_correct, correct_answer, entry)
+    """
+    vocab = load_vocab()
+    entry = next((e for e in vocab if e["id"] == word_id), None)
+    if not entry:
+        return False, "", None
+
+    user_answer = user_answer.strip()
+
+    if direction == "en_to_fa":
+        correct = entry["persian"].strip()
+        is_correct = user_answer == correct
+    else:
+        correct = entry["english"].strip().lower()
+        is_correct = user_answer.lower() == correct
+
+    return is_correct, correct if not is_correct else user_answer, entry
+
+
+def format_word_card(entry, show_transliteration="off"):
+    """Format a vocabulary entry for display as RTL-safe markdown."""
+    parts = []
+    parts.append(f'<div dir="rtl" style="font-size:2em; text-align:center">{entry["persian"]}</div>')
+    parts.append(f'<div style="font-size:1.3em; text-align:center">{entry["english"]}</div>')
+
+    if show_transliteration != "off" and entry.get("finglish"):
+        parts.append(f'<div style="text-align:center; color:#666; font-style:italic">{entry["finglish"]}</div>')
+
+    parts.append(f'<div style="text-align:center; color:#999; font-size:0.9em">{entry.get("category", "")}</div>')
+    return "\n".join(parts)
+
+
+def get_word_status(word_id):
+    """Return status string for a word: new, learning, or mastered."""
+    progress = db.get_word_progress(word_id)
+    if not progress:
+        return "new"
+    if progress["stability"] and progress["stability"] > 10:
+        return "mastered"
+    return "learning"

python/persian-tutor/requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+gradio>=4.0
+genanki
+fsrs

python/persian-tutor/scripts/generate_vocab.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""One-time script to generate/update vocabulary.json with AI-assisted transliterations.
+
+Usage:
+    python scripts/generate_vocab.py
+
+This reads an existing vocabulary.json, finds entries missing finglish
+transliterations, and uses Ollama to generate them.
+"""
+
+import json
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from ai import ask_ollama
+
+VOCAB_PATH = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "data" / "vocabulary.json"
+
+
+def generate_transliterations(vocab):
+    """Fill in missing finglish transliterations using AI."""
+    missing = [e for e in vocab if not e.get("finglish")]
+    if not missing:
+        print("All entries already have finglish transliterations.")
+        return vocab
+
+    print(f"Generating transliterations for {len(missing)} entries...")
+
+    # Process in batches of 20
+    batch_size = 20
+    for i in range(0, len(missing), batch_size):
+        batch = missing[i : i + batch_size]
+        pairs = "\n".join(f"{e['persian']} = {e['english']}" for e in batch)
+
+        prompt = f"""For each Persian word below, provide the Finglish (romanized) transliteration.
+Use these conventions: â for آ, kh for خ, sh for ش, zh for ژ, gh for ق/غ, ch for چ.
+Reply with ONLY the transliterations, one per line, in the same order.
+
+{pairs}"""
+
+        try:
+            response = ask_ollama(prompt, model="qwen2.5:7b")
+            lines = [l.strip() for l in response.strip().split("\n") if l.strip()]
+
+            for j, entry in enumerate(batch):
+                if j < len(lines):
+                    # Clean up the response line
+                    line = lines[j]
+                    # Remove any numbering or equals signs
+                    for sep in ["=", ":", "-", "."]:
+                        if sep in line:
+                            line = line.split(sep)[-1].strip()
+                    entry["finglish"] = line
+
+            print(f"  Processed {min(i + batch_size, len(missing))}/{len(missing)}")
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"  Error processing batch: {e}")
+
+    return vocab
+
+
+def main():
+    if not VOCAB_PATH.exists():
+        print(f"No vocabulary file found at {VOCAB_PATH}")
+        return
+
+    with open(VOCAB_PATH, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        vocab = json.load(f)
+
+    print(f"Loaded {len(vocab)} entries")
+    vocab = generate_transliterations(vocab)
+
+    with open(VOCAB_PATH, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        json.dump(vocab, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+
+    print(f"Saved {len(vocab)} entries to {VOCAB_PATH}")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

python/persian-tutor/stt.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+"""Persian speech-to-text wrapper using sttlib."""
+
+import sys
+
+import numpy as np
+
+sys.path.insert(0, "/home/ys/family-repo/Code/python/tool-speechtotext")
+from sttlib import load_whisper_model, transcribe, is_hallucination
+
+_model = None
+
+# Common Whisper hallucinations in Persian/silence
+PERSIAN_HALLUCINATIONS = [
+    "ممنون",  # "thank you" hallucination
+    "خداحافظ",  # "goodbye" hallucination
+    "تماشا کنید",  # "watch" hallucination
+    "لایک کنید",  # "like" hallucination
+]
+
+
+def get_model(size="medium"):
+    """Load Whisper model (cached singleton)."""
+    global _model
+    if _model is None:
+        _model = load_whisper_model(size)
+    return _model
+
+
+def transcribe_persian(audio_tuple):
+    """Transcribe Persian audio from Gradio audio component.
+
+    Args:
+        audio_tuple: (sample_rate, numpy_array) from gr.Audio component.
+
+    Returns:
+        Transcribed text string, or empty string on failure/hallucination.
+    """
+    if audio_tuple is None:
+        return ""
+
+    sr, audio = audio_tuple
+    model = get_model()
+
+    # Convert to float32 normalized [-1, 1]
+    if audio.dtype == np.int16:
+        audio_float = audio.astype(np.float32) / 32768.0
+    elif audio.dtype == np.float32:
+        audio_float = audio
+    else:
+        audio_float = audio.astype(np.float32) / np.iinfo(audio.dtype).max
+
+    # Mono conversion if stereo
+    if audio_float.ndim > 1:
+        audio_float = audio_float.mean(axis=1)
+
+    # Use sttlib transcribe
+    text = transcribe(model, audio_float)
+
+    # Filter hallucinations (English + Persian)
+    if is_hallucination(text):
+        return ""
+    if text.strip() in PERSIAN_HALLUCINATIONS:
+        return ""
+
+    return text

python/persian-tutor/tests/test_ai.py

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+"""Tests for ai.py — dual AI backend."""
+
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
+
+import pytest
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+
+import ai
+
+
+def test_ask_ollama_calls_ollama_chat():
+    """ask_ollama should call ollama.chat with correct messages."""
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.message.content = "test response"
+
+    with patch("ai.ollama.chat", return_value=mock_response) as mock_chat:
+        result = ai.ask_ollama("Hello", system="Be helpful")
+        assert result == "test response"
+
+        call_args = mock_chat.call_args
+        messages = call_args.kwargs.get("messages") or call_args[1].get("messages")
+        assert len(messages) == 2
+        assert messages[0]["role"] == "system"
+        assert messages[1]["role"] == "user"
+        assert messages[1]["content"] == "Hello"
+
+
+def test_ask_ollama_no_system():
+    """ask_ollama without system prompt should only send user message."""
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.message.content = "response"
+
+    with patch("ai.ollama.chat", return_value=mock_response) as mock_chat:
+        ai.ask_ollama("Hi")
+        call_args = mock_chat.call_args
+        messages = call_args.kwargs.get("messages") or call_args[1].get("messages")
+        assert len(messages) == 1
+        assert messages[0]["role"] == "user"
+
+
+def test_ask_claude_calls_subprocess():
+    """ask_claude should call claude CLI via subprocess."""
+    with patch("ai.subprocess.run") as mock_run:
+        mock_run.return_value = MagicMock(stdout="Claude says hi\n")
+        result = ai.ask_claude("Hello")
+        assert result == "Claude says hi"
+        mock_run.assert_called_once()
+        args = mock_run.call_args[0][0]
+        assert args[0] == "claude"
+        assert "-p" in args
+
+
+def test_ask_fast_uses_ollama():
+    """ask with quality='fast' should use Ollama."""
+    with patch("ai.ask_ollama", return_value="ollama response") as mock:
+        result = ai.ask("test", quality="fast")
+        assert result == "ollama response"
+        mock.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_ask_smart_uses_claude():
+    """ask with quality='smart' should use Claude."""
+    with patch("ai.ask_claude", return_value="claude response") as mock:
+        result = ai.ask("test", quality="smart")
+        assert result == "claude response"
+        mock.assert_called_once()
+
+
+def test_chat_ollama():
+    """chat_ollama should pass multi-turn messages."""
+    mock_response = MagicMock()
+    mock_response.message.content = "continuation"
+
+    with patch("ai.ollama.chat", return_value=mock_response) as mock_chat:
+        messages = [
+            {"role": "user", "content": "Hi"},
+            {"role": "assistant", "content": "Hello!"},
+            {"role": "user", "content": "How are you?"},
+        ]
+        result = ai.chat_ollama(messages, system="Be helpful")
+        assert result == "continuation"
+
+        call_args = mock_chat.call_args
+        all_msgs = call_args.kwargs.get("messages") or call_args[1].get("messages")
+        # system + 3 conversation messages
+        assert len(all_msgs) == 4

python/persian-tutor/tests/test_anki_export.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""Tests for anki_export.py — Anki .apkg generation."""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import zipfile
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+
+from anki_export import export_deck
+
+SAMPLE_VOCAB = [
+    {
+        "id": "verb_go",
+        "section": "High-frequency language",
+        "category": "Common verbs",
+        "english": "to go",
+        "persian": "رفتن",
+        "finglish": "raftan",
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "verb_eat",
+        "section": "High-frequency language",
+        "category": "Common verbs",
+        "english": "to eat",
+        "persian": "خوردن",
+        "finglish": "khordan",
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "colour_red",
+        "section": "High-frequency language",
+        "category": "Colours",
+        "english": "red",
+        "persian": "قرمز",
+        "finglish": "ghermez",
+    },
+]
+
+
+def test_export_deck_creates_file(tmp_path):
+    """export_deck should create a valid .apkg file."""
+    output = str(tmp_path / "test.apkg")
+    result = export_deck(SAMPLE_VOCAB, output_path=output)
+    assert result == output
+    assert os.path.exists(output)
+    assert os.path.getsize(output) > 0
+
+
+def test_export_deck_is_valid_zip(tmp_path):
+    """An .apkg file is a zip archive containing an Anki SQLite database."""
+    output = str(tmp_path / "test.apkg")
+    export_deck(SAMPLE_VOCAB, output_path=output)
+    assert zipfile.is_zipfile(output)
+
+
+def test_export_deck_with_category_filter(tmp_path):
+    """export_deck with category filter should only include matching entries."""
+    output = str(tmp_path / "test.apkg")
+    export_deck(SAMPLE_VOCAB, categories=["Colours"], output_path=output)
+    # File should exist and be smaller than unfiltered
+    assert os.path.exists(output)
+    size_filtered = os.path.getsize(output)
+
+    output2 = str(tmp_path / "test_all.apkg")
+    export_deck(SAMPLE_VOCAB, output_path=output2)
+    size_all = os.path.getsize(output2)
+
+    # Filtered deck should be smaller (fewer cards)
+    assert size_filtered <= size_all
+
+
+def test_export_deck_empty_vocab(tmp_path):
+    """export_deck with empty vocabulary should still create a valid file."""
+    output = str(tmp_path / "test.apkg")
+    export_deck([], output_path=output)
+    assert os.path.exists(output)
+
+
+def test_export_deck_no_category_match(tmp_path):
+    """export_deck with non-matching category filter should create empty deck."""
+    output = str(tmp_path / "test.apkg")
+    export_deck(SAMPLE_VOCAB, categories=["Nonexistent"], output_path=output)
+    assert os.path.exists(output)

python/persian-tutor/tests/test_db.py

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+"""Tests for db.py — SQLite database layer with FSRS integration."""
+
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+# Add project root to path
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+
+import fsrs
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def temp_db(tmp_path):
+    """Use a temporary database for each test."""
+    import db as db_mod
+
+    db_mod._conn = None
+    db_mod.DB_PATH = tmp_path / "test.db"
+    db_mod.init_db()
+    yield db_mod
+    db_mod.close()
+
+
+def test_init_db_creates_tables(temp_db):
+    """init_db should create all required tables."""
+    conn = temp_db.get_connection()
+    tables = conn.execute(
+        "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'"
+    ).fetchall()
+    table_names = {row["name"] for row in tables}
+    assert "word_progress" in table_names
+    assert "quiz_sessions" in table_names
+    assert "essays" in table_names
+    assert "tutor_sessions" in table_names
+
+
+def test_get_word_progress_nonexistent(temp_db):
+    """Should return None for a word that hasn't been reviewed."""
+    assert temp_db.get_word_progress("nonexistent") is None
+
+
+def test_update_and_get_word_progress(temp_db):
+    """update_word_progress should create and update progress."""
+    card = temp_db.update_word_progress("verb_go", fsrs.Rating.Good)
+    assert card is not None
+    assert card.stability is not None
+
+    progress = temp_db.get_word_progress("verb_go")
+    assert progress is not None
+    assert progress["word_id"] == "verb_go"
+    assert progress["reps"] == 1
+    assert progress["fsrs_state"] is not None
+
+
+def test_update_word_progress_increments_reps(temp_db):
+    """Reviewing the same word multiple times should increment reps."""
+    temp_db.update_word_progress("verb_go", fsrs.Rating.Good)
+    temp_db.update_word_progress("verb_go", fsrs.Rating.Easy)
+    progress = temp_db.get_word_progress("verb_go")
+    assert progress["reps"] == 2
+
+
+def test_get_due_words(temp_db):
+    """get_due_words should return words that are due for review."""
+    # A newly reviewed word with Rating.Again should be due soon
+    temp_db.update_word_progress("verb_go", fsrs.Rating.Again)
+    # An easy word should have a later due date
+    temp_db.update_word_progress("verb_eat", fsrs.Rating.Easy)
+
+    # Due words depend on timing; at minimum both should be in the system
+    all_progress = temp_db.get_connection().execute(
+        "SELECT word_id FROM word_progress"
+    ).fetchall()
+    assert len(all_progress) == 2
+
+
+def test_get_word_counts(temp_db):
+    """get_word_counts should return correct counts."""
+    counts = temp_db.get_word_counts(total_vocab_size=100)
+    assert counts["total"] == 100
+    assert counts["seen"] == 0
+    assert counts["mastered"] == 0
+    assert counts["due"] == 0
+
+    temp_db.update_word_progress("verb_go", fsrs.Rating.Good)
+    counts = temp_db.get_word_counts(total_vocab_size=100)
+    assert counts["seen"] == 1
+
+
+def test_record_quiz_session(temp_db):
+    """record_quiz_session should insert a quiz record."""
+    temp_db.record_quiz_session("Common verbs", 10, 7, 120)
+    rows = temp_db.get_connection().execute(
+        "SELECT * FROM quiz_sessions"
+    ).fetchall()
+    assert len(rows) == 1
+    assert rows[0]["correct"] == 7
+    assert rows[0]["total_questions"] == 10
+
+
+def test_save_essay(temp_db):
+    """save_essay should store the essay and feedback."""
+    temp_db.save_essay("متن آزمایشی", "B1", "Good effort!", "Identity and culture")
+    essays = temp_db.get_recent_essays()
+    assert len(essays) == 1
+    assert essays[0]["grade"] == "B1"
+
+
+def test_save_tutor_session(temp_db):
+    """save_tutor_session should store the conversation."""
+    messages = [
+        {"role": "user", "content": "سلام"},
+        {"role": "assistant", "content": "سلام! حالت چطوره؟"},
+    ]
+    temp_db.save_tutor_session("Identity and culture", messages, 300)
+    rows = temp_db.get_connection().execute(
+        "SELECT * FROM tutor_sessions"
+    ).fetchall()
+    assert len(rows) == 1
+    assert rows[0]["theme"] == "Identity and culture"
+
+
+def test_get_stats(temp_db):
+    """get_stats should return aggregated stats."""
+    stats = temp_db.get_stats()
+    assert stats["total_reviews"] == 0
+    assert stats["total_quizzes"] == 0
+    assert stats["streak"] == 0
+    assert isinstance(stats["recent_quizzes"], list)
+
+
+def test_close_and_reopen(temp_db):
+    """Closing and reopening should preserve data."""
+    temp_db.update_word_progress("verb_go", fsrs.Rating.Good)
+    db_path = temp_db.DB_PATH
+
+    temp_db.close()
+
+    # Reopen
+    temp_db._conn = None
+    temp_db.DB_PATH = db_path
+    temp_db.init_db()
+
+    progress = temp_db.get_word_progress("verb_go")
+    assert progress is not None
+    assert progress["reps"] == 1

python/persian-tutor/tests/test_vocab.py

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+"""Tests for modules/vocab.py — vocabulary search and flashcard logic."""
+
+import json
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+
+SAMPLE_VOCAB = [
+    {
+        "id": "verb_go",
+        "section": "High-frequency language",
+        "category": "Common verbs",
+        "english": "to go",
+        "persian": "رفتن",
+        "finglish": "raftan",
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "verb_eat",
+        "section": "High-frequency language",
+        "category": "Common verbs",
+        "english": "to eat",
+        "persian": "خوردن",
+        "finglish": "khordan",
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "adj_big",
+        "section": "High-frequency language",
+        "category": "Common adjectives",
+        "english": "big",
+        "persian": "بزرگ",
+        "finglish": "bozorg",
+    },
+    {
+        "id": "colour_red",
+        "section": "High-frequency language",
+        "category": "Colours",
+        "english": "red",
+        "persian": "قرمز",
+        "finglish": "ghermez",
+    },
+]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def mock_vocab_and_db(tmp_path):
+    """Mock vocabulary loading and use temp DB."""
+    import db as db_mod
+    import modules.vocab as vocab_mod
+
+    # Temp DB
+    db_mod._conn = None
+    db_mod.DB_PATH = tmp_path / "test.db"
+    db_mod.init_db()
+
+    # Mock vocab
+    vocab_mod._vocab_data = SAMPLE_VOCAB
+
+    yield vocab_mod
+
+    db_mod.close()
+    vocab_mod._vocab_data = None
+
+
+def test_load_vocab(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """load_vocab should return the vocabulary data."""
+    data = mock_vocab_and_db.load_vocab()
+    assert len(data) == 4
+
+
+def test_get_categories(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """get_categories should return unique sorted categories."""
+    cats = mock_vocab_and_db.get_categories()
+    assert "Colours" in cats
+    assert "Common verbs" in cats
+    assert "Common adjectives" in cats
+
+
+def test_search_english(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """Search should find entries by English text."""
+    results = mock_vocab_and_db.search("go")
+    assert len(results) == 1
+    assert results[0]["id"] == "verb_go"
+
+
+def test_search_persian(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """Search should find entries by Persian text."""
+    results = mock_vocab_and_db.search("رفتن")
+    assert len(results) == 1
+    assert results[0]["id"] == "verb_go"
+
+
+def test_search_finglish(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """Search should find entries by Finglish text."""
+    results = mock_vocab_and_db.search("raftan")
+    assert len(results) == 1
+    assert results[0]["id"] == "verb_go"
+
+
+def test_search_empty(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """Empty search should return empty list."""
+    assert mock_vocab_and_db.search("") == []
+    assert mock_vocab_and_db.search(None) == []
+
+
+def test_search_no_match(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """Search with no match should return empty list."""
+    assert mock_vocab_and_db.search("zzzzz") == []
+
+
+def test_get_random_word(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """get_random_word should return a valid entry."""
+    word = mock_vocab_and_db.get_random_word()
+    assert word is not None
+    assert "id" in word
+    assert "english" in word
+    assert "persian" in word
+
+
+def test_get_random_word_with_category(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """get_random_word with category filter should only return matching entries."""
+    word = mock_vocab_and_db.get_random_word(category="Colours")
+    assert word is not None
+    assert word["category"] == "Colours"
+
+
+def test_get_random_word_nonexistent_category(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """get_random_word with bad category should return None."""
+    word = mock_vocab_and_db.get_random_word(category="Nonexistent")
+    assert word is None
+
+
+def test_check_answer_correct_en_to_fa(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """Correct Persian answer should be marked correct."""
+    correct, answer, entry = mock_vocab_and_db.check_answer(
+        "verb_go", "رفتن", direction="en_to_fa"
+    )
+    assert correct is True
+
+
+def test_check_answer_incorrect_en_to_fa(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """Incorrect Persian answer should be marked incorrect with correct answer."""
+    correct, answer, entry = mock_vocab_and_db.check_answer(
+        "verb_go", "خوردن", direction="en_to_fa"
+    )
+    assert correct is False
+    assert answer == "رفتن"
+
+
+def test_check_answer_fa_to_en(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """Correct English answer (case-insensitive) should be marked correct."""
+    correct, answer, entry = mock_vocab_and_db.check_answer(
+        "verb_go", "To Go", direction="fa_to_en"
+    )
+    assert correct is True
+
+
+def test_check_answer_nonexistent_word(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """Checking answer for nonexistent word should return False."""
+    correct, answer, entry = mock_vocab_and_db.check_answer(
+        "nonexistent", "test", direction="en_to_fa"
+    )
+    assert correct is False
+    assert entry is None
+
+
+def test_format_word_card(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """format_word_card should produce RTL HTML with correct content."""
+    entry = SAMPLE_VOCAB[0]
+    html = mock_vocab_and_db.format_word_card(entry, show_transliteration="Finglish")
+    assert "رفتن" in html
+    assert "to go" in html
+    assert "raftan" in html
+
+
+def test_format_word_card_no_transliteration(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """format_word_card with transliteration off should not show finglish."""
+    entry = SAMPLE_VOCAB[0]
+    html = mock_vocab_and_db.format_word_card(entry, show_transliteration="off")
+    assert "raftan" not in html
+
+
+def test_get_flashcard_batch(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """get_flashcard_batch should return a batch of entries."""
+    batch = mock_vocab_and_db.get_flashcard_batch(count=2)
+    assert len(batch) == 2
+    assert all("id" in e for e in batch)
+
+
+def test_get_word_status_new(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """Unreviewed word should have status 'new'."""
+    assert mock_vocab_and_db.get_word_status("verb_go") == "new"
+
+
+def test_get_word_status_learning(mock_vocab_and_db):
+    """Recently reviewed word should have status 'learning'."""
+    import db
+    import fsrs
+
+    db.update_word_progress("verb_go", fsrs.Rating.Good)
+    assert mock_vocab_and_db.get_word_status("verb_go") == "learning"